基于Flexsim的应急物流配送系统建模仿真与优化（1）

基于Flexsim的应急物流配送系统建模仿真与优化（1）.mp34:14来自LearningYard学苑

背景

近年来，疫情原因，应急物流在医疗物资和生产生活物资运输与配送工作中发挥了重要作用。虽然我国物流系统在国际上处·于发达地位，但在应急物流系统的建设上与某些发达国家仍有不小的差距。如何快速、精准地把大量的物资运输并配送到疫情急需地区，是对应急物流的一次艰巨的挑战。

background

In recent years, due to the epidemic, emergency logistics has played an important role in the transportation and distribution of medical materials and production and living materials. Although my country’s logistics system is in a developed position in the world, there is still a big gap with some developed countries in the construction of emergency logistics system. How to quickly and accurately transport and distribute a large amount of materials to areas in urgent need of the epidemic is a daunting challenge to emergency logistics.

应急物流是指应对严重自然灾害、突发性公共卫生事件、公共安全事件及军事冲突等突发事件，而对物资、人员、资金的需求进行紧急保障的一种特殊物流活动。特点主要为：（1）突发性、急迫性。突发性、急迫性是应急物流最根本的特点，因此它对物流的最根本的要求就是反应快速。（2）特定性。根据突发事件的特性，物资的需求以及作业方式有很大的不同。比如地震，往往一段街道就充作仓库，如果洪涝，就需要舟船甚至空投的方式来运输。（3）缺乏计划性。除政府有序调拨外，应急物资绝大部分来货方、来货类、数量、来货时间、下游需求均难以预测、调控，毫无计划可言，打破了正常的物理节奏，上下游环节往往信息不清、沟通不畅，容易导致混乱，这是应急物流的技术难点。

Emergency logistics refers to a special logistics activity that urgently guarantees the needs of materials, personnel and funds in response to emergencies such as serious natural disasters, public health emergencies, public security incidents and military conflicts. The main features are: (1) suddenness and urgency. Suddenness and urgency are the most fundamental characteristics of emergency logistics, so its most fundamental requirement for logistics is to respond quickly. (2) Specificity. Depending on the nature of emergencies, material requirements and operational methods vary greatly. For example, in an earthquake, a section of the street is often used as a warehouse. If there is a flood, it needs to be transported by boat or even by air. (3) Lack of planning. In addition to the orderly allocation of the government, most of the emergency supplies are difficult to predict and control the origin, type, quantity, time and downstream demand of emergency supplies. There is no plan at all, breaking the normal physical rhythm, and the upstream and downstream links Often unclear information and poor communication can easily lead to confusion, which is the technical difficulty of emergency logistics.

流程分析

应急物流系统由应急物流协调指挥中心、物资供给端、物流中心以及物资需求端组成。传统的配送中心的功能有：集货、储存、拣选、流通加工、配送和信息处理。根据应急物流配送中心的特点，将新的物流配送中心的功能整合成4个分区：收货区、存储区、分拣区和配送区。

Process analysis

The emergency logistics system consists of emergency logistics coordination and command center, material supply end, logistics center and material demand end. The functions of the traditional distribution center are: collection, storage, picking, distribution processing, distribution and information processing. According to the characteristics of the emergency logistics distribution center, the functions of the new logistics distribution center are integrated into 4 areas: receiving area, storage area, sorting area and distribution area.

应急物流配送中心将应急物资一般分为政府采购和 会捐赠，首先对物资进行判断，如果是政府采购，直接进行下一步，判断是否为定向物资。如果是 会捐赠的物资，则先判断是否符合规范，若不符合规范则运送到逆向物流，若符合规范则到达下一步，判断是否为定向物资。若是定向物资，则不需要进行入库，直接配送到目的地，若不是定向物资，则进行入库处理，然后进行存储分拣配送。目的地的废弃物最终进行逆向物流处理。总体流程如图 1所示.

The emergency logistics distribution center generally divides emergency materials into government procurement and social donations. First, the materials are judged. If they are government procurement, the next step is directly to determine whether they are targeted materials. If it is a material donated by the society, first judge whether it meets the specification, if it does not meet the specification, it will be transported to reverse logistics. If it meets the specification, it will go to the next step to determine whether it is a directional material. If it is a directional material, it does not need to be put into the warehouse, and it will be directly delivered to the destination. If it is not a directional material, it will be put into the warehouse, and then stored, sorted and distributed. The waste at the destination is finally processed in reverse logistics. The overall process is shown in Figure 1.

图 1应急物流物资配送中心流程图

用发生器模拟应急物资，处理器1判断是否为政府采购物资，处理器2判断 会捐赠的物资是否符合规范，处理器3判断物资是否为定向物资，暂存区1储存不符合规范的 会捐赠物资，暂存区2存储即将入库的物资，传送带2,3,4对物资进行入库处理，并各配备1名操作人员，3个货架模拟存储区，3辆叉车对物资进行出库的运输，3个合成器对物资进行分拣打包，最终运送到由暂存区3,4,5模拟的目的地。目的地产生的废弃物，进行逆向物流处理。

The generator is used to simulate emergency materials, processor 1 judges whether it is a government procurement material, processor 2 judges whether the materials donated by the society meet the specifications, processor 3 judges whether the materials are targeted materials, and the temporary storage area 1 stores social donations that do not meet the specifications. Materials, temporary storage area 2 stores materials that are about to be put into storage, conveyor belts 2, 3, and 4 carry out storage processing of materials, and each is equipped with 1 operator, 3 shelf simulation storage areas, and 3 forklifts to carry out material delivery. For transportation, 3 synthesizers sort and pack the materials, and finally deliver them to the destination simulated by the staging areas 3, 4, and 5. The waste generated at the destination is processed by reverse logistics.

注：本模型使用的是FlexSim 2019

参考资料：百度百科，Flexsim7.5.4版本中文用户手册【北京创时能公司汉化】版

翻译：Google翻译