With Gmail adding the ability to make free calls within the US and Canada, now is a great time to invest in a quality computer microphone. We’ll take some of the guesswork out of that process, and give you some tips on setting up your microphone once you get it.
Gmail新增了在美国和加拿大境内拨打免费电话的功能，现在是投资购买优质电脑麦克风的绝佳时机。 我们将排除该过程中的一些猜测，并为您提供一些有关设置麦克风的提示。
Photo by visual.dichotomy.
图片由visual.dichotomy拍摄。
要找什么 (What To Look For)
There are a ton of different microphone options, and a long list of specifications for each. Which of these matter and which are just hypep>
有很多不同的麦克风选项，每种都有很长的规格列表。 这些问题中的哪一项只是炒作p>
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Form Factor
构成因素
The biggest difference between microphones is their form factor. This should be the first thing that you decide on.
麦克风之间的最大区别在于它们的外形尺寸。 这应该是您决定的第一件事。
If you’re a gamer or just prefer all-in-one devices, a headset is a good choice. Headsets are headphones that have a microphone attached to them. The quality and comfort of the headphones and the microphone vary pretty widely, so read reviews of models in your desired price range.
如果您是游戏玩家或只是喜欢多合一设备，那么耳机是一个不错的选择。 耳机是连接了麦克风的耳机。 耳机和麦克风的质量和舒适度差异很大，因此请阅读所需价格范围内的型 评论。
If you already have a good pair of headphones or you just want something cheap and easy, a desktop microphone works best. These include some sort of base so that you can just place the microphone on your desk and you’re good to go.
如果您已经有一副好耳机，或者只想买便宜又方便的东西，那么台式麦克风效果最好。 这些包括某种底座，这样您就可以将麦克风放在桌子上，您就可以使用了。
If you’re considering doing some podcasting or other audio recordings, you should look into a professional microphone. These are larger, heavier, and are designed to be held either in your hand or in a mic stand – which can be an additional expense. The most common professional mics are either dynamic or condenser. Dynamic mics can take a beating, so if you’re rough on your electronics, they’ll hold up better. Condenser mics are more fragile, but in general do a better job reproducing sounds.
如果您正在考虑进行播客或其他录音，则应使用专业的麦克风。 它们更大，更重，并且可以握在手中或麦克风架中，这可能是额外的费用。 最常见的专业麦克风是动圈式或电容式。 动态麦克风可能会受到打击，因此，如果您对电子设备不熟悉，它们会更好地承受住。 电容麦克风更易碎，但通常在复制声音方面做得更好。
There are a few other form factors that may work better for you, like lapel mics that you can clip to your shirt, or conference room microphones that are designed to be in the middle of a table full of people. If you have a specific need, a quick web search should reveal the ideal microphone form factor to look for.
还有其他一些形状更适合您的形状因素，例如可以夹在衬衫上的翻领式麦克风，或设计成可在满座桌子中间的会议室麦克风。 如果您有特定需要，快速的 络搜索应该可以找到理想的麦克风外形尺寸。
Connector
连接器
Photo by ladyada.
摄影： ladyada 。
There are fortunately few options for how your microphone can connect to your computer; however, there are some important differences between the options.
幸运的是，麦克风如何连接到计算机的方法很少。 但是，这些选项之间存在一些重要差异。
A 3.5mm connector is the same as the plug from most headphones. Most computers – even laptops – have a 3.5mm microphone connection, so in most cases, you can just plug your microphone into the 3.5mm jack. However, the on-board sound features of most motherboards and laptops are not very high quality, so if you’re planning to do any podcasting or recording, you might need to invest in a dedicated sound card with a 3.5mm mic input.
3.5毫米接头与大多数耳机的插头相同。 大多数计算机(甚至是笔记本电脑)都具有3.5毫米麦克风连接，因此在大多数情况下，您只需将麦克风插入3.5毫米插Kong即可。 但是，大多数主板和笔记本电脑的板载声音功能质量不是很高，因此，如果您打算进行播客或录音，则可能需要购买带有3.5mm麦克风输入的专用声卡。
USB connectors are becoming increasingly common. These will work the same on any computer with a USB connection, so there is no need to buy a sound card if you plan to make recordings. There is no particular downside to a USB mic, unless you’re already running low on USB slots (though in that case, you can pick up a cheap USB hub!)
USB连接器变得越来越普遍。 它们在具有USB连接的任何计算机上都可以使用，因此，如果您打算进行录音，则无需购买声卡。 USB麦克风没有特别的缺点，除非您的USB插槽已经用光了(尽管在这种情况下，您可以选择便宜的USB集线器！)
Professional microphones tend to use the XLR connector. If you already have a professional mic with an XLR connector, or are dead set on one, there are XLR to USB adapters, and higher-end sound cards tend to have some method of accepting XLR input. These options are somewhat expensive, but they can be cheaper than getting a professional USB mic of equivalent quality.
专业麦克风倾向于使用XLR连接器。 如果您已经拥有带有XLR连接器的专业麦克风，或者固定在一个麦克风上，则可以使用XLR到USB适配器，并且高端声卡往往会采用某种接受XLR输入的方法。 这些选件有些昂贵，但比获得同等质量的专业USB麦克风要便宜。
There are also wireless options, if you prefer not to deal with cables. These typically connect through radio waves received at a USB dongle connected to your computer, or through Bluetooth.
如果您不想使用电缆，也可以使用无线选项。 这些通常通过连接到计算机的USB软件狗接收的无线电波或通过蓝牙连接。
Noise Cancelling
降噪
Many microphones – even inexpensive ones – offer some degree of noise cancelling. If you’re in a noisy room, or if your computer is particularly loud, this is a feature to look for. Be sure to read reviews to confirm that the noise cancelling feature works well!
许多麦克风-甚至便宜的麦克风-都提供一定程度的噪声消除。 如果您在嘈杂的房间中，或者您的计算机声音特别大，则可以使用此功能。 请务必阅读评论以确认降噪功能正常！
Directionality
方向性
Microphones can be designed to pick up sound directly in one direction – unidirectional mics – or in all directions – omnidirectional mics. If you’re in a noisy room, a unidirectional mic is a better choice. If you want to pick up the noises in the room, for instance in a conference call situation, you will want an omnidirectional mic.
麦克风可以设计为直接在一个方向(单向麦克风)或所有方向(全向麦克风)拾取声音。 如果您在嘈杂的房间里，单向麦克风是一个更好的选择。 如果要拾取房间中的噪音，例如在电话会议中，则需要全向麦克风。
Frequency Response
频率响应
Many microphones will list their frequency response range (e.g. 40Hz – 16KHz). By itself, this information is not particularly useful, and you should not judge a microphone with a wider response range as being objectively better. Human voices typically fall in the 85-255Hz range, well within the capabilities of even the cheapest computer microphone.
许多麦克风会列出其频率响应范围(例如40Hz – 16KHz)。 就其本身而言，该信息并不是特别有用，并且您不应该将响应范围更广的麦克风判断为客观上更好的麦克风。 人的声音通常在85-255Hz范围内，甚至在最便宜的计算机麦克风的能力范围内。
However, if you’re doing more professional recording, then you may want to investigate a microphone’s frequency response curve.
但是，如果您要进行更专业的录音，则可能需要研究麦克风的频率响应曲线。
Other Factors
其他因素
Manufacturers may list other specifications, such as microphone sensitivity and input impedance, but in general these factors are not important compared to those listed above.
制造商可能会列出其他规格，例如麦克风灵敏度和输入阻抗，但是与上述所列因素相比，这些因素通常并不重要。
Like with most computer parts, there is no best choice – it depends on what you plan to use your microphone for and how much you’re willing to spend. Above all, do your research and read reviews (Amazon and Newegg are good review sources) before making your decision!
测试您的麦克风 (Testing Your Microphone)
Once you’ve chosen a microphone and connected it to your computer, you should test it out to make sure that your voice comes through loudly and clearly. The steps to do this vary depending on your operating system.
选择麦克风并将其连接到计算机后，应对其进行测试，以确保声音清晰清晰地通过。 具体步骤取决于您的操作系统。
Windows 7 and Vista
Windows 7和Vista
Click on the start menu and type “sound” into the search field. The Sound Recorder program should be the first option. Open it.
单击开始菜单，然后在搜索字段中键入“声音”。 录音机程序应该是第一个选项。 打开它。
Note: if you have disabled search, you can find this in All Programs > Accessories > Sound Recorder.
注意：如果您禁用了搜索，则可以在“所有程序”>“附件”>“录音机”中找到此内容。
Click on the Start Recording button and speak into your microphone, the same volume and tone that you would use while chatting online.
单击开始录制按钮，对着麦克风讲话，与您在在线聊天时使用的音量和音调相同。
When you’re done, click the Stop Recording button, save the audio file somewhere, and listen to it to confirm that your microphone is working properly.
完成后，单击“停止录制”按钮，将音频文件保存在某个位置，然后聆听以确认您的麦克风正常工作。
If you don’t hear anything, or if it’s too loud or too quiet, right-click on the volume control indicator in the system tray, and select Recording Devices.
如果您听不到任何声音，或者声音太大或太小，请右键单击系统托盘中的音量控制指示器，然后选择“录音设备”。
Note: if you’ve hidden the volume control indicator, you can access this through Control Panel > Sound.
注意：如果您隐藏了音量控制指示器，则可以通过“控制面板”>“声音”进行访问。
You should see your microphone listed. If you speak into it, the bar at the right should fill depending on how loudly you speak.
您应该会看到列出的麦克风。 如果您要说的话，右边的栏会根据您说的声音大声填充。
Right-click on your microphone and select properties. Go to the Levels tab and change the microphone volume to an appropriate level.
右键单击您的麦克风，然后选择属性。 转到“级别”选项卡，然后将麦克风音量更改为适当的级别。
Record yourself again to make sure that the volume level is good. There are other options that you can change in the Microphone Properties box – try them out if they seem useful to you.
再次记录自己，以确保音量良好。 您还可以在“麦克风属性”框中更改其他选项，如果对您有用，请尝试一下。
Windows XP
Windows XP
Windows XP provide a nice wizard for testing and setting an appropriate volume level for your microphone.
Windows XP提供了一个不错的向导，用于测试和设置麦克风的适当音量。
Right-click on the volume control indicator in the system tray and select Adjust Audio Properties.
右键单击系统托盘中的音量控制指示器，然后选择调整音频属性。
Note: if you’ve hidden the volume control indicator, you can access this through Control Panel > Sounds and Audio Devices.
注意：如果您隐藏了音量控制指示器，则可以通过“控制面板”>“声音和音频设备”进行访问。
Switch to the Voice tab and click the Test hardware button.
切换到“语音”选项卡，然后单击“测试硬件”按钮。
The wizard will ask you to speak some sentences, repeating your recorded audio, and adjust the volume accordingly. Quite handy!
向导将要求您说一些句子，重复录制的音频，并相应地调节音量。 很方便！
Ubuntu Linux
Ubuntu Linux
Open a terminal window (Applications > Accessories > Terminal) and type in the command alsamixer.
打开一个终端窗口(应用程序>附件>终端)，然后输入命令alsamixer 。
Check to see if the Mic entry has a reasonable volume. If not, use your arrow keys to highlight the Mic entry and raise the volume to around 50. Press M on your keyboard to ensure that the there is a green 00 underneath the bar, not MM.
检查“麦克风”条目的音量是否合理。 如果不是，请使用箭头键突出显示“麦克风”条目，并将音量提高到50左右。按键盘上的M，以确保该条下方有绿色的00，而不是MM。
To test your microphone, click on Applications > Sound & Video > Sound Recorder.
要测试您的麦克风，请单击应用程序>声音和视频>录音机。
Record yourself speaking for a few seconds, then stop the recording a play it back.
录制自己的讲话几秒钟，然后停止录制并播放。
Mac OS X
Mac OS X
Note: we did not have a Mac OS X test machine available. But managing the basic sound options is similar to that in Windows using the Sound preferences.
注意：我们没有Mac OS X测试机。 但是，管理基本声音选项与Windows中使用“声音”首选项的方法类似。
If you have the iLife bundle, the easiest way to test your microphone is to open GarageBand, start a new blank project, and record audio. Play it back to ensure that it works as intended.
如果您拥有iLife捆绑包，则测试麦克风的最简单方法是打开GarageBand，启动新的空白项目并录制音频。 播放以确保其可以正常工作。
If you do not have iLife, try the Audacity program, described in the Recording Audio section below.
如果没有iLife，请尝试下面的“录制音频”部分中所述的Audacity程序。
使用麦克风 (Using Your Microphone)
Here are some tips to get the most out of your microphone.
这里有一些技巧，您可以充分利用麦克风。
- Turn off your speakers. If you don’t, then the audio coming from your speakers could be picked up by your microphone, making an annoying high-pitched sound. If you need to hear audio while using your microphone, use headphones.
关闭扬声器。 如果您不这样做，那么来自扬声器的音频可能会被麦克风拾取，从而产生令人讨厌的高音调。 如果需要在使用麦克风时听到音频，请使用耳机。
- Keep the volume at a reasonable level. It’s temping to turn up the volume and the dynamic boost so that you can be easily heard, but that will cause your voice to become distorted (“clipped”) when you raise your voice.
将音量保持在合理的水平。 试图调高音量和动态增强效果，以便您轻松听到声音，但是当您抬高声音时，这会使您的声音失真(“夹杂”)。
- Test your mic with each application that uses it. Some, like Skype, will change the mic’s volume settings; make a test call to ensure that you can still be heard clearly, and then retest when you use another application afterward.
使用它的每个应用程序测试您的麦克风。 某些软件(例如Skype)将更改麦克风的音量设置。 进行电话测试以确保仍然可以清晰听到您的声音，然后在以后使用其他应用程序时进行重新测试。
录音 (Recording Audio)
If you want to get started recording audio, whether for a podcast, commentary, or other permanent recording, we recommend trying out the multi-platform program Audacity.
如果您想开始录制音频，无论是播客，评论还是其他永久性录制，我们建议您试用多平台程序Audacity。
When the program starts up, you have a blank slate. To record some audio from your microphone, click on the red record button.
程序启动时，您的面板空白。 要从麦克风录制一些音频，请单击红色的录制按钮。
Click the stop button when you’re done, and you have your first audio track!
完成后，单击“停止”按钮，您便有了第一个音轨！
You can record more tracks, or add onto the current track. Overlaying tracks on top of each other lets you add background music to your voice, or allows you to record two people separately and then combine them together afterwards.
您可以录制更多曲目，或添加到当前曲目。 彼此叠加的音轨使您可以在声音中添加背景音乐，或者让您分别录制两个人，然后将它们组合在一起。
Audacity is a powerful audio editing tool that is free and available for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. It can export to many formats, including MP3 (though this requires the download of an external MP3 encoder). It may be a little daunting for simple tasks like recording a message for Grandma, but if you want to start your own podcast, it’s worth putting in the time to learn Audacity!
Download Audacity, the free cross-platform sound editor
翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/26898/the-how-to-geek-guide-to-computer-microphones/
硅麦克风的声学设计指南
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