前言
Ansible有很多模块，包括云计算、命令行、包管理、系统服务、用户管理等，可以通过官方 站http：
//docs.ansible.com/modules_by_category.html查看相应的模块，也可以在命令行下通过ansible-doc -l命令查看模块，或者通过ansible-doc-s模块名查看具体某个模块的使用方法。官 的介绍比较详细，建议查看官 介绍。
本例环境信息
内 环境机器分配情况如下：
192.168.5.91 主机名：ansible.haiyuan.cn，作用：Ansible主控端CentOS 7.2
192.168.5.61主机名：client01.haiyuan.cn，作用：Ansible被控端机器，CentOS 7.2
192.168.5.56主机名：client02.haiyuan.cn，作用：Ansible被控端机器，CentOS 6.8
本例中，5.91 Ansible主控端已经向被控端机器分发了秘钥对，可以使用密钥对进行无密登录。
关于Ansible的安装和基本配置，请参考我的上一篇文章：
Ansible命令行调用模块的语法如下：
ansible 操作目标 -m 模块名 -a 模块参数
setup模块
该模块可用于获取Ansible客户端机器的详细信息，命令如下：
absible webserver(机器组名) -m setup
命令显示的部分结果如下（完整结果太详细了，这里只截取了部分显示）：
[root@ansible ~]# ansible localhost -m setup
[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available
localhost | SUCCESS => {
“ansible_facts”: {
“ansible_all_ipv4_addresses”: [
“192.168.5.91”
],
“ansible_all_ipv6_addresses”: [
“fe80::f816:3eff:feec:67cd”
],
“ansible_apparmor”: {
“status”: “disabled”
},
“ansible_architecture”: “x86_64”,
“ansible_bios_date”: “03/06/2017”,
“ansible_bios_version”: “Unknown”,
“ansible_cmdline”: {
“BOOT_IMAGE”: “/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64”,
“LANG”: “zh_CN.UTF-8”,
“crashkernel”: “auto”,
“quiet”: true,
“rhgb”: true,
“ro”: true,
“root”: “UUID=32236b41-fcde-460e-8c34-ba50515b33f2”
},
“ansible_date_time”: {
“date”: “2017-10-15”,
“day”: “15”,
“epoch”: “1508041541”,
“hour”: “12”,
“iso8601”: “2017-10-15T04:25:41Z”,
“iso8601_basic”: “20171015T122541695928”,
“iso8601_basic_short”: “20171015T122541”,
“iso8601_micro”: “2017-10-15T04:25:41.696012Z”,
“minute”: “25”,
“month”: “10”,
“second”: “41”,
“time”: “12:25:41”,
“tz”: “CST”,
“tz_offset”: “+0800”,
“weekday”: “Sunday”,
“weekday_number”: “0”,
“weeknumber”: “41”,
“year”: “2017”
},
“ansible_default_ipv4”: {
“address”: “192.168.5.91”,
“alias”: “eth0”,
“broadcast”: “192.168.5.255”,
“gateway”: “192.168.5.1”,
“interface”: “eth0”,
“macaddress”: “fa:16:3e:ec:67:cd”,
“mtu”: 1500,
“netmask”: “255.255.255.0”,
“network”: “192.168.5.0”,
“type”: “ether”
},
copy模块
命令实例：
ansible webserver -m copy -a “src=/usr/local/src/test.py dest=/tmp/ owner=root group=root mode=0755 force=yes”
其他参数都比较好理解，这里解释下force参数和backup参数。
force：如果目标主机包含该文件，但内容不同，则设置为yes后会强制覆盖，设置为no后，只有当目标主机的目标位置不存在该文件时，才复制该文件到目标主机；默认值为yes。
backup：在覆盖之前备份源文件，备份文件包含时间。该参数有两个选项yes和no。
[root@ansible ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.5.61 -m copy -a “src=/root/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm dest=/root/ owner=root group=root mode=0755 force=yes backup=yes”
192.168.5.61 | SUCCESS => {
“changed”: true,
“checksum”: “912fc989097dae2911170caf900eacbfe3f183de”,
“dest”: “/root/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm”,
“gid”: 0,
“group”: “root”,
“md5sum”: “8d1373481fed58018632132c72422ae1”,
“mode”: “0755”,
“owner”: “root”,
“size”: 14848,
“src”: “/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1508053396.84-161841013931697/source”,
“state”: “file”,
“uid”: 0
}
[root@ansible ~]# ssh root@192.168.5.61
[root@client01 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
[root@client01 ~]# ll
total 20
-rw——-. 1 root root 1270 Aug 25 2016 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14848 Oct 15 15:43 epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
[root@client01 ~]#
该模块可实现Ansible主机向客户端传送文件的功能，类似于scp，请大家记得提前关闭所有机器的SELinux功能，不然会出现如下 错：
[root@ansible ~]# ssh root@192.168.5.61
[root@client01 ~]# getenforce
Enforcing
[root@client01 ~]# exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.5.61 closed.
[root@ansible ~]# echo “test ansible” > test.txt
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.5.61 -m copy -a “src=/root/test.txt dest=/root/ owner=root group=root mode=0755 force=yes backup=yes”
192.168.5.61 | FAILED! => {
“changed”: false,
“checksum”: “b269ba1206a7dc75f770b3542f187a836921b302”,
“failed”: true,
“msg”: “Aborting, target uses selinux but python bindings (libselinux-python) aren’t installed!”
}
[root@ansible ~]#
如果出现上述错误，需要在被控端安装`libselinux-python`包进行修复，命令如下：
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.5.61 -m command -a “yum -y install libselinux-python”
[WARNING]: Consider using yum module rather than running yum
192.168.5.61 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
Resolving Dependencies
–> Running transaction check
—> Package libselinux-python.x86_64 0:2.5-11.el7 will be installed
–> Processing Dependency: libselinux(x86-64) = 2.5-11.el7 for package: libselinux-python-2.5-11.el7.x86_64
……
Installed:
libselinux-python.x86_64 0:2.5-11.el7
Updated:
dracut.x86_64 0:033-502.el7 systemd.x86_64 0:219-42.el7_4.1
Dependency Updated:
dracut-config-rescue.x86_64 0:033-502.el7
dracut-network.x86_64 0:033-502.el7
libgudev1.x86_64 0:219-42.el7_4.1
libselinux.x86_64 0:2.5-11.el7
libselinux-utils.x86_64 0:2.5-11.el7
libsepol.x86_64 0:2.5-6.el7
systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-42.el7_4.1
systemd-sysv.x86_64 0:219-42.el7_4.1
Complete!Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.5.61 -m copy -a “src=/root/test.txt dest=/root/ owner=root group=root mode=0755 force=yes backup=yes”
192.168.5.61 | SUCCESS => {
“changed”: true,
“checksum”: “b269ba1206a7dc75f770b3542f187a836921b302”,
“dest”: “/root/test.txt”,
“gid”: 0,
“group”: “root”,
“md5sum”: “d04bb02c8579aa24a866be2467eb5f79”,
“mode”: “0755”,
“owner”: “root”,
“secontext”: “system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0”,
“size”: 13,
“src”: “/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1508054521.3-3947439211258/source”,
“state”: “file”,
“uid”: 0
}
[root@ansible ~]#
安装libselinux-python软件包后，就可以进行复制文件的操作。
注意
copy模块跟rsync命令一样，如果路径使用“/”来结尾，则只复制目录里的内容；如果没有使用“/”来结尾，则包含目录在内的整个内容全部被复制。
声明：本站部分文章及图片源自用户投稿，如本站任何资料有侵权请您尽早请联系jinwei@zod.com.cn进行处理,非常感谢！