软件包or智商税？特斯拉的“完全自动驾驶系统”到底是什么？

Tesla sells ‘Full Self-Driving,’ but what is it really?

特斯拉售卖“完全自动驾驶”系统，但这个系统究竟是什么？

特斯拉自动驾驶系统

Over the years, Tesla owners have paid as much as $10, 000 for the package, called Full Self-Driving.FSD, which can be purchased as an extra on Tesla cars, is a collection of services that adds to Tesla’s Autopilot, the driver-assistance technology that government investigators are taking a look at after a string of crashes.

近年来，特斯拉车主花费高达1万美元购买名为“完全自动驾驶”的软件包。人们可以额外购买特斯拉汽车的完全自动驾驶系统，该系统是添加到特斯拉Autopilot的一项额外服务。自一系列车祸事故发生之后，政府调查员正在关注特斯拉的Autopilot辅助驾驶技术。

特斯拉Autopilot

Critics say FSD has not lived up to its name since its debut more than two years ago.The company is making promises that other carmakers shrink from, and its customers think their cars can do more on their own than they really can.

批评者声称，完全自动驾驶自两年多前首次亮相以来，并没有做到名副其实。特斯拉在做出其他汽车制造商不愿做出的承诺，车主们也认为他们的汽车能够做到的程度比实际能够完成的程度要高。

Other automakers like Argo, Cruise and Waymo have been developing and testing autonomous vehicles for years.In each city, they begin by building a detailed, 3D map.Tesla is taking a very different tack.The company and its chief executive, Elon Musk, believe that self-driving cars can navigate city streets without 3D maps.After all, human drivers do not need these maps; they need only eyes.

Argo, Cruise和Waymo等其他汽车制造商多年来一直致力于开发和测试自动驾驶汽车。他们会在每个城市先构建一张详细的三维地图。而特斯拉正在采取截然不同的策略。公司及其首席执行官埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）认为，无需三维地图，自动驾驶汽车就能在城市道路上穿梭。毕竟，人类驾驶员并不需要这些地图，他们只需要眼睛就能驾驶了。

埃隆·马斯克

For years, Tesla has argued that autonomous vehicles can understand their surroundings merely by capturing what a human driver would see as they speed down the road.That means the cars need only one kind of sensor: cameras.

多年来，特斯拉一直声称，自动驾驶汽车只需通过捕捉人类驾驶员在路上飞驰时看到的景象，就可以明白周围的路况。这也就意味着，汽车只需要一种传感器：摄像头。

Given the speed of cameras and the limitations in the algorithms that analyze camera images, there are still situations where such a setup cannot react quickly enough to avoid crashes, said Schuyler Cullen, a computer vision specialist who oversaw autonomous driving efforts at the South Korean tech giant Samsung.

曾负责监督韩国科技巨头三星自动驾驶相关工作的计算机视觉专家斯凯勒·卡伦（Schuyler Cullen）表示，考虑到摄像头的速度有限，以及分析摄像头图像的算法存在局限性，仍然会有一些状况发生，即这种装置的反应速度不够快，难以避免车祸的发生。

三星自动驾驶汽车