Word处理控件Aspose.Words功能演示：在 Python 中从 Word 文档中提取文本

我们将介绍如何动态提取段落、表格等特定元素之间的内容。

信息：如果您需要从 PowerPoint 演示文稿中获取 Word 文档，您可以使用 Aspose演示文稿到 Word 文档转换器。

从 Word 文档中提取文本的 Python 库

Aspose.Words for Python是一个强大的库，可让您从头开始创建 MS Word 文档。此外，它可以让您操作现有的 Word 文档进行加密、转换、文本提取等。我们将使用这个库从 Word DOCX 或 DOC 文档中提取文本。您可以使用以下 pip 命令从PyPI安装库。

pip install aspose-words

使用 Python 在 Word 文档中提取文本

MS Word 文档由各种元素组成，包括段落、表格、图像等。因此，文本提取的要求可能因一种情况而异。例如，您可能需要在段落、书签、评论等之间提取文本。

Word 文档中的每种类型的元素都表示为一个节点。因此，要处理文档，您将不得不使用节点。那么让我们开始看看如何在不同的场景下从 Word 文档中提取文本。

在 Python 中从 Word 文档中提取文本

在本节中，我们将为 Word 文档实现一个 Python 文本提取器，文本提取的工作流程如下：

• 首先，我们将定义要包含在文本提取过程中的节点。
• 然后，我们将提取指定节点之间的内容（包括或不包括开始和结束节点）。
• 最后，我们将使用提取节点的克隆，例如创建一个包含提取内容的新 Word 文档。

现在让我们编写一个名为extract_content的方法，我们将向该方法传递节点和一些其他参数来执行文本提取。此方法将解析文档并克隆节点。以下是我们将传递给此方法的参数。

1. StartNode 和 EndNode 分别作为内容提取的起点和终点。这些可以是块级（Paragraph 、 Table）或内联级（例如 Run、 FieldStart、 BookmarkStart 等）节点。
   1. 要传递一个字段，您应该传递相应的 FieldStart 对象。
   2. 要传递书签，  应传递BookmarkStart 和 BookmarkEnd节点。
   3. 对于评论，  应使用CommentRangeStart 和 CommentRangeEnd节点。
2. IsInclusive定义标记是否包含在提取中。如果此选项设置为 false 并且传递相同的节点或连续节点，则将返回一个空列表。

以下是extract_content方法的完整实现，该方法提取传递的节点之间的内容。

def extract_content(startNode : aw.Node, endNode : aw.Node, isInclusive : bool):# First, check that the nodes passed to this method are valid for use.verify_parameter_nodes(startNode, endNode)# Create a list to store the extracted nodes.nodes = []# If either marker is part of a comment, including the comment itself, we need to move the pointer# forward to the Comment Node found after the CommentRangeEnd node.if (endNode.node_type == aw.NodeType.COMMENT_RANGE_END and isInclusive) :node = find_next_node(aw.NodeType.COMMENT, endNode.next_sibling)if (node != None) :endNode = node# Keep a record of the original nodes passed to this method to split marker nodes if needed.originalStartNode = startNodeoriginalEndNode = endNode# Extract content based on block-level nodes (paragraphs and tables). Traverse through parent nodes to find them.# We will split the first and last nodes' content, depending if the marker nodes are inline.startNode = get_ancestor_in_body(startNode)endNode = get_ancestor_in_body(endNode)isExtracting = TrueisStartingNode = True# The current node we are extracting from the document.currNode = startNode# Begin extracting content. Process all block-level nodes and specifically split the first# and last nodes when needed, so paragraph formatting is retained.# Method is a little more complicated than a regular extractor as we need to factor# in extracting using inline nodes, fields, bookmarks, etc. to make it useful.while (isExtracting) :# Clone the current node and its children to obtain a copy.cloneNode = currNode.clone(True)isEndingNode = currNode == endNodeif (isStartingNode or isEndingNode) :# We need to process each marker separately, so pass it off to a separate method instead.# End should be processed at first to keep node indexes.if (isEndingNode) :# !isStartingNode: don't add the node twice if the markers are the same node.process_marker(cloneNode, nodes, originalEndNode, currNode, isInclusive, False, not isStartingNode, False)isExtracting = False# Conditional needs to be separate as the block level start and end markers, maybe the same node.if (isStartingNode) :process_marker(cloneNode, nodes, originalStartNode, currNode, isInclusive, True, True, False)isStartingNode = Falseelse :# Node is not a start or end marker, simply add the copy to the list.nodes.append(cloneNode)# Move to the next node and extract it. If the next node is None,# the rest of the content is found in a different section.if (currNode.next_sibling == None and isExtracting) :# Move to the next section.nextSection = currNode.get_ancestor(aw.NodeType.SECTION).next_sibling.as_section()currNode = nextSection.body.first_childelse :# Move to the next node in the body.currNode = currNode.next_sibling# For compatibility with mode with inline bookmarks, add the next paragraph (empty).if (isInclusive and originalEndNode == endNode and not originalEndNode.is_composite) :include_next_paragraph(endNode, nodes)# Return the nodes between the node markers.return nodes

extract_content方法还需要一些辅助方法来完成文本提取操作，如下所示。

def verify_parameter_nodes(start_node: aw.Node, end_node: aw.Node):# The order in which these checks are done is important.if start_node is None:raise ValueError("Start node cannot be None")if end_node is None:raise ValueError("End node cannot be None")if start_node.document != end_node.document:raise ValueError("Start node and end node must belong to the same document")if start_node.get_ancestor(aw.NodeType.BODY) is None or end_node.get_ancestor(aw.NodeType.BODY) is None:raise ValueError("Start node and end node must be a child or descendant of a body")# Check the end node is after the start node in the DOM tree.# First, check if they are in different sections, then if they're not,# check their position in the body of the same section.start_section = start_node.get_ancestor(aw.NodeType.SECTION).as_section()end_section = end_node.get_ancestor(aw.NodeType.SECTION).as_section()start_index = start_section.parent_node.index_of(start_section)end_index = end_section.parent_node.index_of(end_section)if start_index == end_index:if (start_section.body.index_of(get_ancestor_in_body(start_node)) >end_section.body.index_of(get_ancestor_in_body(end_node))):raise ValueError("The end node must be after the start node in the body")elif start_index > end_index:raise ValueError("The section of end node must be after the section start node")def find_next_node(node_type: aw.NodeType, from_node: aw.Node):if from_node is None or from_node.node_type == node_type:return from_nodeif from_node.is_composite:node = find_next_node(node_type, from_node.as_composite_node().first_child)if node is not None:return nodereturn find_next_node(node_type, from_node.next_sibling)def is_inline(node: aw.Node):# Test if the node is a descendant of a Paragraph or Table node and is not a paragraph# or a table a paragraph inside a comment class that is decent of a paragraph is possible.return ((node.get_ancestor(aw.NodeType.PARAGRAPH) is not None or node.get_ancestor(aw.NodeType.TABLE) is not None) andnot (node.node_type == aw.NodeType.PARAGRAPH or node.node_type == aw.NodeType.TABLE))def process_marker(clone_node: aw.Node, nodes, node: aw.Node, block_level_ancestor: aw.Node,is_inclusive: bool, is_start_marker: bool, can_add: bool, force_add: bool):# If we are dealing with a block-level node, see if it should be included and add it to the list.if node == block_level_ancestor:if can_add and is_inclusive:nodes.append(clone_node)return# cloneNode is a clone of blockLevelNode. If node != blockLevelNode, blockLevelAncestor# is the node's ancestor that means it is a composite node.assert clone_node.is_composite# If a marker is a FieldStart node check if it's to be included or not.# We assume for simplicity that the FieldStart and FieldEnd appear in the same paragraph.if node.node_type == aw.NodeType.FIELD_START:# If the marker is a start node and is not included, skip to the end of the field.# If the marker is an end node and is to be included, then move to the end field so the field will not be removed.if is_start_marker and not is_inclusive or not is_start_marker and is_inclusive:while node.next_sibling is not None and node.node_type != aw.NodeType.FIELD_END:node = node.next_sibling# Support a case if the marker node is on the third level of the document body or lower.node_branch = fill_self_and_parents(node, block_level_ancestor)# Process the corresponding node in our cloned node by index.current_clone_node = clone_nodefor i in range(len(node_branch) - 1, -1):current_node = node_branch[i]node_index = current_node.parent_node.index_of(current_node)current_clone_node = current_clone_node.as_composite_node.child_nodes[node_index]remove_nodes_outside_of_range(current_clone_node, is_inclusive or (i > 0), is_start_marker)# After processing, the composite node may become empty if it has doesn't include it.if can_add and (force_add or clone_node.as_composite_node().has_child_nodes):nodes.append(clone_node)def remove_nodes_outside_of_range(marker_node: aw.Node, is_inclusive: bool, is_start_marker: bool):is_processing = Trueis_removing = is_start_markernext_node = marker_node.parent_node.first_childwhile is_processing and next_node is not None:current_node = next_nodeis_skip = Falseif current_node == marker_node:if is_start_marker:is_processing = Falseif is_inclusive:is_removing = Falseelse:is_removing = Trueif is_inclusive:is_skip = Truenext_node = next_node.next_siblingif is_removing and not is_skip:current_node.remove()def fill_self_and_parents(node: aw.Node, till_node: aw.Node):nodes = []current_node = nodewhile current_node != till_node:nodes.append(current_node)current_node = current_node.parent_nodereturn nodesdef include_next_paragraph(node: aw.Node, nodes):paragraph = find_next_node(aw.NodeType.PARAGRAPH, node.next_sibling).as_paragraph()if paragraph is not None:# Move to the first child to include paragraphs without content.marker_node = paragraph.first_child if paragraph.has_child_nodes else paragraphroot_node = get_ancestor_in_body(paragraph)process_marker(root_node.clone(True), nodes, marker_node, root_node,marker_node == paragraph, False, True, True)def get_ancestor_in_body(start_node: aw.Node):while start_node.parent_node.node_type != aw.NodeType.BODY:start_node = start_node.parent_nodereturn start_nodedef generate_document(src_doc: aw.Document, nodes):dst_doc = aw.Document()# Remove the first paragraph from the empty document.dst_doc.first_section.body.remove_all_children()# Import each node from the list into the new document. Keep the original formatting of the node.importer = aw.NodeImporter(src_doc, dst_doc, aw.ImportFormatMode.KEEP_SOURCE_FORMATTING)for node in nodes:import_node = importer.import_node(node, True)dst_doc.first_section.body.append_child(import_node)return dst_docdef paragraphs_by_style_name(doc: aw.Document, style_name: str):paragraphs_with_style = []paragraphs = doc.get_child_nodes(aw.NodeType.PARAGRAPH, True)for paragraph in paragraphs:paragraph = paragraph.as_paragraph()if paragraph.paragraph_format.style.name == style_name:paragraphs_with_style.append(paragraph)return paragraphs_with_style

现在我们准备好使用这些方法并从 Word 文档中提取文本。

在 Word 文档中的段落之间提取文本

让我们看看如何在 Word DOCX 文档的两个段落之间提取内容。以下是在 Python 中执行此操作的步骤。

• 首先，使用Document类加载 Word 文档。
• 使用Document.first_section.body.get_child(NodeType.PARAGRAPH, int, boolean).as_paragraph()方法将开始和结束段落的引用获取到两个对象中。
• 调用extract_content(startPara, endPara, True)方法将节点提取到对象中.
• 调用generate_document(Document, extractNodes)辅助方法来创建包含提取内容的文档。
• 最后，使用Document.save(string)方法保存返回的文档。

以下代码示例展示了如何在 Python 中提取 Word 文档中第 7 段和第 11 段之间的文本。

# Load document.doc = aw.Document("Extract content.docx")# Define starting and ending paragraphs.startPara = doc.first_section.body.get_child(aw.NodeType.PARAGRAPH, 6, True).as_paragraph()endPara = doc.first_section.body.get_child(aw.NodeType.PARAGRAPH, 10, True).as_paragraph()# Extract the content between these paragraphs in the document. Include these markers in the extraction.extractedNodes = extract_content(startPara, endPara, True)# Generate document containing extracted content.dstDoc = generate_document(doc, extractedNodes)# Save document.dstDoc.save("extract_content_between_paragraphs.docx")

在 Word 文档中不同类型的节点之间提取文本

您还可以在不同类型的节点之间提取内容。为了演示，让我们提取段落和表格之间的内容并将其保存到新的 Word 文档中。以下是执行此操作的步骤。

• 使用Document类加载 Word 文档。
• 使用Document.first_section.body.get_child(NodeType, int, boolean)方法将起始节点和结束节点引用到两个对象中。
• 调用extract_content(startPara, endPara, True)方法将节点提取到对象中。
• 调用generate_document(Document, extractNodes)辅助方法来创建包含提取内容的文档。
• 使用Document.save(string)方法保存返回的文档。

以下代码示例展示了如何在 Python 中提取段落和表格之间的文本。

# Load documentdoc = aw.Document("Extract content.docx")# Define starting and ending nodes.start_para = doc.last_section.get_child(aw.NodeType.PARAGRAPH, 2, True).as_paragraph()end_table = doc.last_section.get_child(aw.NodeType.TABLE, 0, True).as_table()# Extract the content between these nodes in the document. Include these markers in the extraction.extracted_nodes = extract_content(start_para, end_table, True)# Generate document containing extracted content.dstDoc = generate_document(doc, extractedNodes)# Save document.dstDoc.save("extract_content_between_nodes.docx")

根据样式提取段落之间的文本

现在让我们看看如何根据样式提取段落之间的内容。为了演示，我们将提取 Word 文档中第一个“标题 1”和第一个“标题 3”之间的内容。以下步骤演示了如何在 Python 中实现此目的。

• 首先，使用Document类加载 Word 文档。
• 然后，使用paragraphs_by_style_name(Document, “Heading 1”)辅助方法将段落提取到一个对象中。
• 使用paragraphs_by_style_name(Document, “Heading 3”)辅助方法将段落提取到另一个对象中。
• 调用extract_content(startPara, endPara, True)方法并将两个段落数组中的第一个元素作为第一个和第二个参数传递。
• 调用generate_document(Document, extractNodes)辅助方法来创建包含提取内容的文档。
• 最后，使用Document.save(string)方法保存返回的文档。

以下代码示例展示了如何根据样式提取段落之间的内容。

# Load documentdoc = aw.Document("Extract content.docx")# Gather a list of the paragraphs using the respective heading styles.parasStyleHeading1 = paragraphs_by_style_name(doc, "Heading 1")parasStyleHeading3 = paragraphs_by_style_name(doc, "Heading 3")# Use the first instance of the paragraphs with those styles.startPara1 = parasStyleHeading1[0]endPara1 = parasStyleHeading3[0]# Extract the content between these nodes in the document. Don't include these markers in the extraction.extractedNodes = extract_content(startPara1, endPara1, False)# Generate document containing extracted content.dstDoc = generate_document(doc, extractedNodes)# Save document.dstDoc.save("extract_content_between_paragraphs_based_on-Styles.docx")

结论

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