python excel操作软件_python 操作excel工具及xlsxwriter处理数据量大的方法

前言

– 在我们的web项目中一些图表的预览页面常常伴随着数据导出至excel的功能。在python中我们常常使用xlrd、xlwt、xlutils、openpyxl、xlsxwriter来达成我们的需求。

方法简介

一.xlsxwriter 只写 (推荐)

注：xlsxwriter 只能写，不能读，但功能强大，可进行添加图表等复杂操作，详见https://xlsxwriter.readthedocs.io/

1.本地生成(数据量大时建议保存在本地)

简单的例子

import xlsxwriter as xw

#新建excel，这样在本地会生成这个文件，下文介绍与写入内存中

workbook = xw.Workbook(‘myexcel.xlsx’)

#新建工作薄

worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()

#写入数据

worksheet.wirte(‘A1’,1)

#关闭保存

workbook.close()

插入图表的例子

import xlsxwriter

def get_chart(series):

chart = workbook.add_chart({‘type’: ‘line’})

for ses in series:

name = ses[“name”]

values = ses[“values”]

chart.add_series({

‘name’: name,

‘categories’: ‘A2:A10’,

‘values’:values

})

chart.set_size({‘width’: 600, ‘height’: 250})

return chart

if __name__ == ‘__main__’:

workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(‘xxxx.xlsx’)

worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet(“工作簿1”)

headings = [‘日期’, ‘平均值’]

worksheet.write_row(‘A1’, headings)

index=0

for row in range(1,10):

for com in [0,1]:

worksheet.write(row,com,index)

index+=1

series = [{“name”:”平均值”,”values”:”B2:B10″}]

chart = get_chart(series)

chart.set_title ({‘name’: ‘每日页面分享数据’})

worksheet.insert_chart(‘H7’, chart)

workbook.close()

2.内存生成(web中常用直接返回响应数据)

python3 中操作需 借助 BytesIO， Python2 需借助 StringIO

场景 python3 + django 实现excel导出

from io import BytesIO

import xlsxwriter as xw

from django.http import FileResponse, HttpResponse

def export(request, *arg, **kwargs):

out_put = BytesIO()

#新建excel

workbook = xw.Workbook(out_put)

#新建工作薄

worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()

#写入数据

worksheet.wirte(‘A1’,1)

#关闭保存

workbook.close()

# make 响应对象

response = HttpResponse()

response[‘Content-Type’] = “application/octet-stream”

disposition = ‘attachment;filename={}.xlsx’.format(escape_uri_path(file_name))

response[‘Content-Disposition’] = disposition

response.write(out_put.getvalue())

return response

3.xlsxwriter处理大数据

注：默认情况下，XlsxWriter将所有单元数据保存在内存中。当格式化与数据分开应用时，这将允许将来使用功能。这样做的结果是XlsxWriter会消耗大量内存，并且在创建大文件时可能会耗尽内存。

解决办法：

– 我们可以通过Workbook() 的 constant_memory 属性来几乎完全减少内存使用量

workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename, {‘constant_memory’: True})

源码：

当设置为True时源码解释

# Write out the worksheet data as a single row with cells.

# This method is used when constant_memory is on. A single

# row is written and the data table is reset. That way only

# one row of data is kept in memory at any one time. We don’t

# write span data in the optimized case since it is optional.

官 解释：

# Ok. With ‘constant_memory’ you must write data in row by column order.

for row in range(0, row_max):

for col in range(0, col_max):

worksheet.write(row, col, some_data)

# Not ok. With ‘constant_memory’ this will only write the first column of data.

for col in range(0, col_max):

for row in range(0, row_max):

worksheet.write(row, col, some_data)

缺点：

无法在写入单元数据后利用任何新功能来操纵单元数据。当前，该add_table()方法不适用于此模式，merge_range()并且set_row()仅适用于当前行。

二.openpyxl可以对excel文件进行读写操作

示例1：

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl import load_workbook

from openpyxl.writer.excel import ExcelWriter

workbook_ = load_workbook(u”test1477881109469.xlsx”)

sheetnames =workbook_.get_sheet_names() #获得表单名字

print sheetnames

sheet = workbook_.get_sheet_by_name(sheetnames[0])

print sheet.cell(row=3,column=3).value

sheet[‘A1′] = ’47’

workbook_.save(u”test1477881109469_new.xlsx”)

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

ws[‘A1’] = 4

wb.save(“test.xlsx”)

示例2

import openpyxl

# 新建文件

workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()

# 写入文件

sheet = workbook.activesheet[‘A1′]=’A1’

# 保存文件

workbook.save(‘test.xlsx’)

三.xlrd 主要是用来读取excel文件

import xlrd

data = xlrd.open_workbook(‘abcd.xls’) # 打开xls文件

table = data.sheets()[0] # 打开第一张表

nrows = table.nrows # 获取表的行数

for i in range(nrows): # 循环逐行打印

if i == 0:# 跳过第一行

continue

print (table.row_values(i)[:13]) # 取前十三列

四.xlutils结合xlrd可以达到修改excel文件目的

import xlrd

from xlutils.copy import copy

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(‘xxxxx.xls’)

workbooknew = copy(workbook)

ws = workbooknew.get_sheet(0)

ws.write(3, 0, ‘changed!’)

workbooknew.save(‘xxxx.xls’)

五.xlwt主要是用来写excel文件

import xlwt

wbk = xlwt.Workbook()

sheet = wbk.add_sheet(‘sheet 1’)

sheet.write(0,1,’test text’)#第0行第一列写入内容

wbk.save(‘xxxx.xls’)

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