第七章:使用SPICE电路仿真程序(续)

共基BJT晶体管放大器

该分析以0.1伏的增量将输入电压(Vin)从0伏扫到5伏,然后输出晶体管v(2,3)集电极和发射极引线之间的电压。晶体管(Q1)是一个正向贝塔系数为50的NPN。

络列表:

Common-base BJT amplifier

vsupply 1 0 dc 24

vin 0 4 dc

rc 1 2 800

re 3 4 100

q1 2 0 3 mod1

.model mod1 npn bf=50

.dc vin 0 5 0.1

.print dc v(2,3)

.plot dc v(2,3)

.end

输出:

vin v(2,3)

0.000E+00 2.400E+01

1.000E-01 2.410E+01

2.000E-01 2.420E+01

3.000E-01 2.430E+01

4.000E-01 2.440E+01

5.000E-01 2.450E+01

6.000E-01 2.460E+01

7.000E-01 2.466E+01

8.000E-01 2.439E+01

9.000E-01 2.383E+01

1.000E+00 2.317E+01

1.100E+00 2.246E+01

1.200E+00 2.174E+01

1.300E+00 2.101E+01

1.400E+00 2.026E+01

1.500E+00 1.951E+01

1.600E+00 1.876E+01

1.700E+00 1.800E+01

1.800E+00 1.724E+01

1.900E+00 1.648E+01

2.000E+00 1.572E+01

2.100E+00 1.495E+01

2.200E+00 1.418E+01

2.300E+00 1.342E+01

2.400E+00 1.265E+01

2.500E+00 1.188E+01

2.600E+00 1.110E+01

2.700E+00 1.033E+01

2.800E+00 9.560E+00

2.900E+00 8.787E+00

3.000E+00 8.014E+00

3.100E+00 7.240E+00

3.200E+00 6.465E+00

3.300E+00 5.691E+00

3.400E+00 4.915E+00

3.500E+00 4.140E+00

3.600E+00 3.364E+00

3.700E+00 2.588E+00

3.800E+00 1.811E+00

3.900E+00 1.034E+00

4.000E+00 2.587E-01

4.100E+00 9.744E-02

4.200E+00 7.815E-02

4.300E+00 6.806E-02

4.400E+00 6.141E-02

4.500E+00 5.657E-02

4.600E+00 5.281E-02

4.700E+00 4.981E-02

4.800E+00 4.734E-02

4.900E+00 4.525E-02

5.000E+00 4.346E-02

vin v(2,3) 0.000E+00 1.000E+01 2.000E+01 3.000E+01

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

0.000E+00 2.400E+01 . . . * .

1.000E-01 2.410E+01 . . . * .

2.000E-01 2.420E+01 . . . * .

3.000E-01 2.430E+01 . . . * .

4.000E-01 2.440E+01 . . . * .

5.000E-01 2.450E+01 . . . * .

6.000E-01 2.460E+01 . . . * .

7.000E-01 2.466E+01 . . . * .

8.000E-01 2.439E+01 . . . * .

9.000E-01 2.383E+01 . . . * .

1.000E+00 2.317E+01 . . . * .

1.100E+00 2.246E+01 . . . * .

1.200E+00 2.174E+01 . . . * .

1.300E+00 2.101E+01 . . .* .

1.400E+00 2.026E+01 . . * .

1.500E+00 1.951E+01 . . *. .

1.600E+00 1.876E+01 . . * . .

1.700E+00 1.800E+01 . . * . .

1.800E+00 1.724E+01 . . * . .

1.900E+00 1.648E+01 . . * . .

2.000E+00 1.572E+01 . . * . .

2.100E+00 1.495E+01 . . * . .

2.200E+00 1.418E+01 . . * . .

2.300E+00 1.342E+01 . . * . .

2.400E+00 1.265E+01 . . * . .

2.500E+00 1.188E+01 . . * . .

2.600E+00 1.110E+01 . . * . .

2.700E+00 1.033E+01 . * . .

2.800E+00 9.560E+00 . *. . .

2.900E+00 8.787E+00 . * . . .

3.000E+00 8.014E+00 . * . . .

3.100E+00 7.240E+00 . * . . .

3.200E+00 6.465E+00 . * . . .

3.300E+00 5.691E+00 . * . . .

3.400E+00 4.915E+00 . * . . .

3.500E+00 4.140E+00 . * . . .

3.600E+00 3.364E+00 . * . . .

3.700E+00 2.588E+00 . * . . .

3.800E+00 1.811E+00 . * . . .

3.900E+00 1.034E+00 .* . . .

4.000E+00 2.587E-01 * . . .

4.100E+00 9.744E-02 * . . .

4.200E+00 7.815E-02 * . . .

4.300E+00 6.806E-02 * . . .

4.400E+00 6.141E-02 * . . .

4.500E+00 5.657E-02 * . . .

4.600E+00 5.281E-02 * . . .

4.700E+00 4.981E-02 * . . .

4.800E+00 4.734E-02 * . . .

4.900E+00 4.525E-02 * . . .

5.000E+00 4.346E-02 * . . .

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

自偏压共源JFET放大器

络列表:

common source jfet amplifier

vin 1 0 sin(0 1 60 0 0)

vdd 3 0 dc 20

rdrain 3 2 10k

rsource 4 0 1k

j1 2 1 4 mod1

.model mod1 njf

.tran 1m 30m

.plot tran v(2,0) v(1,0)

.end

输出:

legend:

*: v(2)

+: v(1)

time v(2)

(*)——— 1.400E+01 1.600E+01 1.800E+01 2.000E+01 2.200E+01

(+)——— -1.000E+00 -5.000E-01 0.000E+00 5.000E-01 1.000E+00

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

0.000E+00 1.708E+01 . . * + . .

1.000E-03 1.609E+01 . .* . + . .

2.000E-03 1.516E+01 . * . . . + .

3.000E-03 1.448E+01 . * . . . + .

4.000E-03 1.419E+01 .* . . . +

5.000E-03 1.432E+01 . * . . . +.

6.000E-03 1.490E+01 . * . . . + .

7.000E-03 1.577E+01 . * . . +. .

8.000E-03 1.676E+01 . . * . + . .

9.000E-03 1.768E+01 . . + *. . .

1.000E-02 1.841E+01 . + . . * . .

1.100E-02 1.890E+01 . + . . * . .

1.200E-02 1.912E+01 .+ . . * . .

1.300E-02 1.912E+01 .+ . . * . .

1.400E-02 1.890E+01 . + . . * . .

1.500E-02 1.842E+01 . + . . * . .

1.600E-02 1.768E+01 . . + *. . .

1.700E-02 1.676E+01 . . * . + . .

1.800E-02 1.577E+01 . * . . +. .

1.900E-02 1.491E+01 . * . . . + .

2.000E-02 1.432E+01 . * . . . +.

2.100E-02 1.419E+01 .* . . . +

2.200E-02 1.449E+01 . * . . . + .

2.300E-02 1.516E+01 . * . . . + .

2.400E-02 1.609E+01 . .* . + . .

2.500E-02 1.708E+01 . . * + . .

2.600E-02 1.796E+01 . . + * . .

2.700E-02 1.861E+01 . + . . * . .

2.800E-02 1.900E+01 . + . . * . .

2.900E-02 1.916E+01 + . . * . .

3.000E-02 1.908E+01 .+ . . * . .

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

逆变运算放大器电路

为了在SPICE中模拟一个理想的运算放大器,我们使用电压依赖型电压源作为具有极高增益的差分放大器。“的”e“该卡用四个节点建立独立的电压源,3和0用于电压输出,1和0用于电压输入。与实际的运算放大器不同,依赖电压源不需要电源。在这种情况下,电压增益设置为999000。输入电压源(V one)以0.05伏的步进从0伏扫到3.5伏。

络列表:

Inverting opamp

v1 2 0 dc

e 3 0 0 1 999k

r1 3 1 3.29k

r2 1 2 1.18k

.dc v1 0 3.5 0.05

.print dc v(3,0)

.end

输出:

v1 v(3)

0.000E+00 0.000E+00

5.000E-02 -1.394E-01

1.000E-01 -2.788E-01

1.500E-01 -4.182E-01

2.000E-01 -5.576E-01

2.500E-01 -6.970E-01

3.000E-01 -8.364E-01

3.500E-01 -9.758E-01

4.000E-01 -1.115E+00

4.500E-01 -1.255E+00

5.000E-01 -1.394E+00

5.500E-01 -1.533E+00

6.000E-01 -1.673E+00

6.500E-01 -1.812E+00

7.000E-01 -1.952E+00

7.500E-01 -2.091E+00

8.000E-01 -2.231E+00

8.500E-01 -2.370E+00

9.000E-01 -2.509E+00

9.500E-01 -2.649E+00

1.000E+00 -2.788E+00

1.050E+00 -2.928E+00

1.100E+00 -3.067E+00

1.150E+00 -3.206E+00

1.200E+00 -3.346E+00

1.250E+00 -3.485E+00

1.300E+00 -3.625E+00

1.350E+00 -3.764E+00

1.400E+00 -3.903E+00

1.450E+00 -4.043E+00

1.500E+00 -4.182E+00

1.550E+00 -4.322E+00

1.600E+00 -4.461E+00

1.650E+00 -4.600E+00

1.700E+00 -4.740E+00

1.750E+00 -4.879E+00

1.800E+00 -5.019E+00

1.850E+00 -5.158E+00

1.900E+00 -5.297E+00

1.950E+00 -5.437E+00

2.000E+00 -5.576E+00

2.050E+00 -5.716E+00

2.100E+00 -5.855E+00

2.150E+00 -5.994E+00

2.200E+00 -6.134E+00

2.250E+00 -6.273E+00

2.300E+00 -6.413E+00

2.350E+00 -6.552E+00

2.400E+00 -6.692E+00

2.450E+00 -6.831E+00

2.500E+00 -6.970E+00

2.550E+00 -7.110E+00

2.600E+00 -7.249E+00

2.650E+00 -7.389E+00

2.700E+00 -7.528E+00

2.750E+00 -7.667E+00

2.800E+00 -7.807E+00

2.850E+00 -7.946E+00

2.900E+00 -8.086E+00

2.950E+00 -8.225E+00

3.000E+00 -8.364E+00

3.050E+00 -8.504E+00

3.100E+00 -8.643E+00

3.150E+00 -8.783E+00

3.200E+00 -8.922E+00

3.250E+00 -9.061E+00

3.300E+00 -9.201E+00

3.350E+00 -9.340E+00

3.400E+00 -9.480E+00

3.450E+00 -9.619E+00

3.500E+00 -9.758E+00

无反转运算放大器电路

调味品怪癖的另一个例子:因为依赖电压源”e“不被视为负载电压源V one,SPICE解释V one会拒绝分析。解决方法是连接R伪造的与V平行 one作为直流负载。直接连接在V形 one,R的电阻伪造的对电路的运行不是至关重要的,所以10 kΩ就可以了。我决定不扫V one为了保持 络表和输出列表的简单,在这个电路中输入电压。

络列表:

noninverting opamp

v1 2 0 dc 5

rbogus 2 0 10k

e 3 0 2 1 999k

r1 3 1 20k

r2 1 0 10k

.end

输出:

node voltage node voltage node voltage

( 1) 5.0000 ( 2) 5.0000 ( 3) 15.0000

仪表放大器

注意电阻R非常高假象1和R假象2 络列表中的电阻(为简洁起见,未在示意图中显示),以防止SPICE认为V one和V two都是开路的,就像其他运算放大器电路的例子一样。

络列表:

Instrumentation amplifier

v1 1 0

rbogus1 1 0 9e12

v2 4 0 dc 5

rbogus2 4 0 9e12

e1 3 0 1 2 999k

e2 6 0 4 5 999k

e3 9 0 8 7 999k

rload 9 0 10k

r1 2 3 10k

rgain 2 5 10k

r2 5 6 10k

r3 3 7 10k

r4 7 9 10k

r5 6 8 10k

r6 8 0 10k

.dc v1 0 10 1

.print dc v(9) v(3,6)

.end

输出:

v1 v(9) v(3,6)

0.000E+00 1.500E+01 -1.500E+01

1.000E+00 1.200E+01 -1.200E+01

2.000E+00 9.000E+00 -9.000E+00

3.000E+00 6.000E+00 -6.000E+00

4.000E+00 3.000E+00 -3.000E+00

5.000E+00 9.955E-11 -9.956E-11

6.000E+00 -3.000E+00 3.000E+00

7.000E+00 -6.000E+00 6.000E+00

8.000E+00 -9.000E+00 9.000E+00

9.000E+00 -1.200E+01 1.200E+01

1.000E+01 -1.500E+01 1.500E+01

正弦波输入运算放大器积分器

络列表:

Integrator with sinewave input

vin 1 0 sin (0 15 60 0 0)

r1 1 2 10k

c1 2 3 150u ic=0

e 3 0 0 2 999k

.tran 1m 30m uic

.plot tran v(1,0) v(3,0)

.end

输出:

legend:

*: v(1)

+: v(3)

time v(1)

(*)——– -2.000E+01 -1.000E+01 0.000E+00 1.000E+01

(+)——– -6.000E-02 -4.000E-02 -2.000E-02 0.000E+00

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

0.000E+00 6.536E-08 . . * + .

1.000E-03 5.516E+00 . . . * +. .

2.000E-03 1.021E+01 . . . + * .

3.000E-03 1.350E+01 . . . + . * .

4.000E-03 1.495E+01 . . + . . *.

5.000E-03 1.418E+01 . . + . . * .

6.000E-03 1.150E+01 . + . . . * .

7.000E-03 7.214E+00 . + . . * . .

8.000E-03 1.867E+00 .+ . . * . .

9.000E-03 -3.709E+00 . + . * . . .

1.000E-02 -8.805E+00 . + . * . . .

1.100E-02 -1.259E+01 . * + . . .

1.200E-02 -1.466E+01 . * . + . . .

1.300E-02 -1.471E+01 . * . +. . .

1.400E-02 -1.259E+01 . * . . + . .

1.500E-02 -8.774E+00 . . * . + . .

1.600E-02 -3.723E+00 . . * . +. .

1.700E-02 1.870E+00 . . . * + .

1.800E-02 7.188E+00 . . . * + . .

1.900E-02 1.154E+01 . . . + . * .

2.000E-02 1.418E+01 . . .+ . * .

2.100E-02 1.490E+01 . . + . . *.

2.200E-02 1.355E+01 . . + . . * .

2.300E-02 1.020E+01 . + . . * .

2.400E-02 5.496E+00 . + . . * . .

2.500E-02 -1.486E-03 .+ . * . .

2.600E-02 -5.489E+00 . + . * . . .

2.700E-02 -1.021E+01 . + * . . .

2.800E-02 -1.355E+01 . * . + . . .

2.900E-02 -1.488E+01 . * . + . . .

3.000E-02 -1.427E+01 . * . .+ . .

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

方波输入运算放大器积分器

络列表:

Integrator with squarewave input

vin 1 0 pulse (-1 1 0 0 0 10m 20m)

r1 1 2 1k

c1 2 3 150u ic=0

e 3 0 0 2 999k

.tran 1m 50m uic

.plot tran v(1,0) v(3,0)

.end

输出:

legend:

*: v(1)

+: v(3)

time v(1)

(*)——– -1.000E+00 -5.000E-01 0.000E+00 5.000E-01 1.000E+00

(+)——– -1.000E-01 -5.000E-02 0.000E+00 5.000E-02 1.000E-01

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

0.000E+00 -1.000E+00 * . + . .

1.000E-03 1.000E+00 . . + . *

2.000E-03 1.000E+00 . . + . . *

3.000E-03 1.000E+00 . . + . . *

4.000E-03 1.000E+00 . . + . . *

5.000E-03 1.000E+00 . . + . . *

6.000E-03 1.000E+00 . . + . . *

7.000E-03 1.000E+00 . . + . . *

8.000E-03 1.000E+00 . .+ . . *

9.000E-03 1.000E+00 . +. . . *

1.000E-02 1.000E+00 . + . . . *

1.100E-02 1.000E+00 . + . . . *

1.200E-02 -1.000E+00 * + . . . .

1.300E-02 -1.000E+00 * + . . . .

1.400E-02 -1.000E+00 * +. . . .

1.500E-02 -1.000E+00 * .+ . . .

1.600E-02 -1.000E+00 * . + . . .

1.700E-02 -1.000E+00 * . + . . .

1.800E-02 -1.000E+00 * . + . . .

1.900E-02 -1.000E+00 * . + . . .

2.000E-02 -1.000E+00 * . + . . .

2.100E-02 1.000E+00 . . + . . *

2.200E-02 1.000E+00 . . + . . *

2.300E-02 1.000E+00 . . + . . *

2.400E-02 1.000E+00 . . + . . *

2.500E-02 1.000E+00 . . + . . *

2.600E-02 1.000E+00 . .+ . . *

2.700E-02 1.000E+00 . +. . . *

2.800E-02 1.000E+00 . + . . . *

2.900E-02 1.000E+00 . + . . . *

3.000E-02 1.000E+00 . + . . . *

3.100E-02 1.000E+00 . + . . . *

3.200E-02 -1.000E+00 * + . . . .

3.300E-02 -1.000E+00 * + . . . .

3.400E-02 -1.000E+00 * + . . . .

3.500E-02 -1.000E+00 * + . . . .

3.600E-02 -1.000E+00 * +. . . .

3.700E-02 -1.000E+00 * .+ . . .

3.800E-02 -1.000E+00 * . + . . .

3.900E-02 -1.000E+00 * . + . . .

4.000E-02 -1.000E+00 * . + . . .

4.100E-02 1.000E+00 . . + . . *

4.200E-02 1.000E+00 . . + . . *

4.300E-02 1.000E+00 . . + . . *

4.400E-02 1.000E+00 . .+ . . *

4.500E-02 1.000E+00 . +. . . *

4.600E-02 1.000E+00 . + . . . *

4.700E-02 1.000E+00 . + . . . *

4.800E-02 1.000E+00 . + . . . *

4.900E-02 1.000E+00 . + . . . *

5.000E-02 1.000E+00 + . . . *

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

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