英文语法中的八种词性

Hello everyone. And welcome back to English with Lucy.

大家好。欢迎回到跟着 Lucy 学英语。

Today we are going back to basics. We are looking at the building blocks of spoken English.

今天我们将回归基础。我们要学习英语口语的组成部分。

I’m going to be talking to you about the eight parts of speech. Every single word you say has a role within a sentence.

我要跟你们讲解八种词性。你说的每个词在句子中都有作用。

Every single word is a part of speech. Today we’re going to be breaking it down and looking at each one.

每个单词都是一个词性。今天我们将把它分解并一个个看。

It makes up nearly everything that we say in English. So we might as well get it right from the very beginning.

它几乎构成了我们用英语所说的所有内容。所以我们不妨从头开始。

As always there is a free PDF that goes with today’s lesson. It’s got everything we’re going to talk about today plus a quiz, I know you love quizzes to test your learning.

像往常一样，今天的课程有配套一起使用的免费 pdf。它包含我们今天要讨论的所有内容以及测验，我知道你们喜欢测验来测试你们的学习。

If you’d like to download that, just click on the link in the description box, you enter your name and your email address. You sign up to my mailing list and the PDF will arrive directly in your inbox.

如果你想下载，只需单击描述栏中的链接即可，输入你的姓名和电子邮件地址。你注册到我的邮件列表，pdf将直接发送至你的收件箱。

And then every week after that, you will automatically receive my weekly lesson PDFs, plus all of my news, course offers and updates. Before we get started, I’d like to thank the sponsor of today’s video, it is NordVPN.

然后每周你将自动收到我每周的课程 pdf 以及我所有的新闻、课程、优惠和更新。在我们开始之前，我要感谢今天视频的赞助商，那就是 NordVPN。

I always recommend watching TV series and movies in English as a language learning tool. A really frustrating situation is when you finally find a TV show or a movie in English that you really want to watch, it’s a learning opportunity, but then it’s blocked in your country.

我总是建议将英语电视连续剧和电影作为一种语言学习工具。令人沮丧的是，当你终于找到你很想看的英语电视节目或电影时，这是一个学习机会，但它在你的国家被屏蔽了。

I really enjoy watching Spanish TV shows in Spanish, and it’s so annoying when they aren’t available on any of my streaming services here in the UK. Well, NordVPN has the solution, a very good solution, a VPN hides your location, allowing you to improve security, but also allowing you to overcome geographical restrictions, meaning you can access all of the streaming services that aren’t usually available in your country.

我在西班牙时候很喜欢看西班牙的电视节目，而我在英国的流媒体服务上找不到这些节目，这真的很烦人。那么 NordVPN 就提供了解决方案，一个非常好的解决方案，VPN 会隐藏你的位置，让你可以提高安全性，但也可以让你克服地理限制，这意味着你可以访问你所在国家/地区通常不可用的所有流媒体服务。

You can go on a map, click on any location in the world, and that’s it. It takes you there.

你可以在地图上点击世界上任意一个位置，就是这样。它会带你去那里。

It is literally that easy. There also won’t be any annoying delays.

真的很容易。也不会有任何烦人的延迟。

The speed tests have confirmed that NordVPN is the fastest VPN. They have given me a special offer to pass on to you.

速测试已经证实 NordVPN 是最快的 VPN。他们通过我给了你们一个特别优惠。

To claim it just go to NordVPN. com/Lucy, it’s risk-free to try it out because they offer a 30 day money back guarantee. You can get a two-year plan plus four additional months for a huge discount, that’s 73% off plus four months for free.

只要去 NordVPN. com/Lucy 即可获取，试试看是没有风险的，因为他们提供 30 天退款保证。你可以获得两年计划加上额外四个月的巨大折扣，即 73 折。

Massive, right? Let’s get started with the lesson.

很大的折扣，对吗？开始上课吧。

Let’s talk about the first part of speech. In my opinion, the most important nouns.

我们来谈谈词性。我认为最重要的是名词。

These are the bread and butter of our speech, which is ironic, because bread and butter are both nouns. A noun is something that name something, such as a person, an idea or a thing.

这些是我们说话的基石，这很讽刺，因为面包和黄油都是名词。名词是命名事物的东西，例如人、想法或东西。

In a sentence, a noun can play the role of a subject, an indirect object, a direct object, a subject compliment, an object compliment, and appositive or adjective. There are so many different types of nouns.

在一个句子中，名词可以充当主语，间接宾语，直接宾语，主语补语，宾语补语和同位语或形容词。有很多不同类型的名词。

They can name people such as a girl, Taylor Swift, my dad. They can name a place, a mountain, Spain, the kitchen.

它们可以命名人，例如女孩，泰勒·斯威夫特，我的父亲。它们可以命名一个地方，一座山，西班牙，厨房。

They can also name things, activities, concepts, processes, ideas, such as love, rugby, shorts, knowledge. I actually have a video on the 100 most important nouns in British English.

它们还可以命名事物，活动，概念过程，想法，例如爱，橄榄球，短裤，知识。我实际上有一个关于英式英语中 100 个最重要的名词的视频。

I will link to that video in the description box. It’s quite a good one if you want to quickly acquire a lot of vocabulary.

我将在描述栏中链接到那个视频。如果你想快速获得大量词汇，那么这是个很棒的视频。

Let’s move on to the second part of speech: pronouns. A pronoun is a word that’s used instead of a noun or a noun phrase.

让我们继续讲解第二种词性：代词。代词指的是被用来代替某个名词或名词短语的词。

You use them when the reader or listener already knows the specific noun that you’re referring to. If I tell a story, for example, about my fiancee William, it will get so boring and repetitive if I just say the noun William, over and over again.

当读者或听众已经知道你所指的特定名词时，你可以使用它们。如果我讲一个故事，例如关于我的未婚夫威廉，如果我一遍又一遍地说威廉这个名词，那么就会变得很无聊和重复。

Let’s try, let’s see how it sounds. William is my fiance.

让我们试一试，让我们听听是怎样的。威廉是我的未婚夫。

William is extremely tall. William told me that William wants to marry me.

威廉非常高。威廉告诉我威廉想跟我结婚。

It makes me sound obsessed and weird to be honest, and very repetitive. Let’s try it with a lovely pronoun instead.

这让我听起来像是着了魔一样还很奇怪，老实说，也很啰嗦。我们用一个可爱的代词来代替。

William is my fiance. He’s very tall.

威廉是我的未婚夫。他很高。

He told me he wants to marry me. It sounds a little better, less obsessive, less boring.

他告诉我他想跟我结婚。这听起来好一点，不那么痴迷，不那么无聊了。

Now there are quite a few different types of pronouns, and some pronouns are found in more than one category. I will present you with some of the most common.

有很多不同类型的代词，有些代词存在于多个类别中。我将向你们展示一些最常见的。

We have the personal pronouns: I, me, you, she, her, he, him, us, we, they, them. We also have the demonstrative pronouns.

我们有人称代词：I，me，you，she，her，he，him，us，we，they，them。我们还有指示代词。

I love the word demonstrative, sounds posh. They are: that, this, these and those.

我喜欢 demonstrative 这个词，它听起来很时髦。它们是：that，this，these 和 those。

We also have indefinite pronouns, and these are used when the personal thing doesn’t need to be specifically identified. For example, one, other, everybody, anybody, nobody.

我们还有不定代词，这些词用于指代不需要特别识别的人或事物。例如，one，other，everybody，anybody，nobody。

An example, everybody loves my homemade brownies, or some love marmite, others hate it. Other types include interrogative pronouns, like who, what, which, and whose.

一个例句，每个人都爱我的自制布朗尼蛋糕或有些人喜欢酵母酱，其他人讨厌它。其他类型包括疑问代词，如 who，what，which 和 whose。

Progressive pronouns like my, your, their, whose. Reflexive and intensive pronouns like myself, yourself, themselves.

物主代词，如 my，your，their，whose。反身代词，如 myself，yourself，themselves。

And relative pronouns, like whom, what, which. Let’s move on to part of speech number three, adjectives.

以及关系代词，如 whom，what，which。我们继续讨论第三种词性，形容词。

These might be my favourite actually. These are the words that describe nouns, and adjective can go right before the noun it’s describing, for example, my orange cat, but it doesn’t have to.

这些可能是我最喜欢的词。这些是描述名词的词，形容词可以在它所描述的名词之前，例如我的橙色的猫，但并不一定要这样。

For example, my cat is orange. Now one of the most important things that you can learn when it comes to adjectives is adjective order.

例如，我的猫是橙色的。当谈到形容词时，你可以学到的最重要的事情之一是形容词顺序。

I feel like this is a sneaky secret. That’s like the key to fluency, only certain people know about this, and once they learn it, they’re like, “Oh, my word.”

我觉得这是一个神秘莫测的秘密。就像说话流利的关键，只有某些人知道这一点，一旦他们学会了，他们就说，“哦，我的话。”

It’s so secrets that many native speakers don’t even know they’re using it. But when you present them with this information, they are blown away, because everyone follows the same order without even thinking about it.

这太秘密了，以至于许多母语人士甚至不知道他们在使用它。但是当你向他们展示这个信息的时候，他们会感到震惊，因为每个人都遵循相同的顺序，甚至没有想过。

We’re not taught this in school. I made a video all about this.

我们在学校没有教过这个。我制作了一个关于这个的视频。

Again, I will link it in the description box, but I’ll give you a quick summary from one to 10, the order in which we naturally say adjectives. Number one, opinion; ugly, beautiful.

同样地，我将在描述栏中放链接，但我会快速总结一下，从第一个到第十个，我们说形容词的顺序。第一，意见；丑陋，美丽。

Number two, size; big, tall. Number three, physical quality; neat, rough.

第二，大小；大，高。第三，物理性质；整洁，粗糙。

Four, shape, for example, round or square. Number five, age; old, new.

第四，形状，例如，圆形或方形。第五，年龄；旧，新。

Number six, colour; pink, orange. Number seven, origin; Egyptian, Japanese.

Eight, material; plastic, leather. Nine, type; unisex, four-legged, for example.

第八，材料；塑料，皮革。第九，类型；例如男女通用的，四条腿的。

And number 10, purpose; sewing, cooking, for example. So I would talk about my beautiful brown leather suitcase or my big black Indian cooking pot.

还有第十，用途；例如缝纫，烹饪。所以我会谈谈我漂亮的棕色皮革手提箱或我的黑色印度煮锅。

I’ve got two little homework task for you. Using what you’ve just learned there, I would like you to write three sentences using the correct adjective order, describing three things that you can see from where you are right now.

我给你们布置了一点作业。使用你刚刚学到的知识，我希望你们使用正确的形容词顺序写三个句子，描述你现在看到的三件事。

Please put that in the comment section. Okay, part of speech number four, verbs.

请写在评论区。好的，第四种词性，动词。

Listen to me! Write what you hear!

听我说。写下你听到的。

Learn to speak! Everything that is in bold here is a verb, we use them all the time.

学会说话。这里粗体的所有内容都是动词，我们一直在使用它们。

Verbs are words that describe actions. We have dynamic or action verbs that describe literal actions like walking, running, singing.

动词描述的是动作。我们有动态或行为动词，描述的是实际的动作，例如走、跑、唱。

We also have stative verbs that refer to feelings in states like to love, to think, to feel. Auxiliary verbs are used in English to change another verb’s mood, voice, or tense.

我们还有状态动词，指感觉和状态的动词，例如喜欢，思考，感觉。辅助动词在英语中用于改变另一个动词的语气、语态、或时态。

This is why they’re referred to as helping verbs. The main auxiliary verbs are be, have, and do.

这就是为什么它们被称为助动词的原因。主要的助动词有 be，have，和 do。

We also have modal auxiliary verbs, commonly called modals or modal verbs. These are a big pain point for many students learning English because they’re so annoying, they are annoying.

我们也有情态助动词，通常称为情态动词。这些对许多学习英语的学生来说是一个很大的痛点，因为它们太烦人了，它们很烦人。

Modals are added to another verb to show capability or possibility or necessity as well. Common examples are may, might, must, can, could, should, and shall, and would, and will.

情态动词被添加到另一个动词前面来表示能力或可能性或必要性。常见的例子有 may，might，must，can，could，should，and shall，and would，和 will。

Ought is also an important one too. I made a video a very, very long time ago about modal verbs, so you can click on it to laugh about how young I was, I think I was 21.

Ought 也是很重要的一个。我很久以前制作了一个关于情态动词的视频，所以你可以点击它来笑我有多年轻，我想我当时是 21 岁。

Yeah. I was 21 when I started teaching English on YouTube, and I’m now 27. Can you believe that?

是的，我 21 岁开始在 youtube 上教英语，现在我27 岁了。你能相信吗？

And by the time this video comes out, I will be married. I’m not married right now, but yes, my wedding hopefully will have passed.

而且当这个视频发布的时候，我那个时候已经结婚了。我现在还没有结婚，但是，是的，到时候我的婚礼很可能已经结束了。

I will put a link to that modals video in the description box, but maybe that’s something I ought, modal verb, to recreate soon. Let me know if you’d like a video about modal verbs.

我会在描述栏中放上那个情态动词视频的链接，但也许这是我应该马上重新制作的的东西。如果你想要关于情态动词的视频，请告诉我。

One last part of this segment, phrasal verbs. I hear you’re growl.

这部分的最后一点，短语动词。我听到你们的哀嚎了。

I’ve heard you’re all growl. Everyone seems to find phrasal verbs so annoying, and they’re really, really frustrating, but I really enjoy teaching them.

我听到你们所有人的哀嚎了。每个人似乎都觉得短语动词很烦人，它们确实真的真的很令人沮丧，但我真的很喜欢教它们。

These are phrases that act as a single verb, they usually consist of a verb and a preposition. I have made so many videos over the years about phrasal verbs. I’ll list a few of my favourites in the description box down below as well.

这些是作为单个动词的短语，它们通常由一个动词和一个介词组成。这些年来我制作了很多关于短语动词的视频，我将下面的描述栏里列出一些我最喜欢的视频。

Right. Number five, let’s talk about adverbs. Adverb is a word that describes an adjective, a verb, another adverb, or even a sentence.

好的。第五种，我们来谈谈副词。副词指的是修饰形容词、副词、另一个副词，甚至是句子的词。