一、字符设备驱动
我们之前学习过驱动程序的开发,接下来我们接着深入学习字符设备驱动程序的开发。字符设备驱动是比较简单的一种驱动。主要在于实现init、exit、open、read、write等函数。
二、字符设备驱动实例
1、在package/kernel/文件夹下新建一个chardrv文件夹
2、在chardrv文件夹下新建一个Makefile文件,内容如下:
## Copyright (C) 2008 OpenWrt.org## This is free software, licensed under the GNU General Public License v2.# See /LICENSE for more information.#include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mkinclude $(INCLUDE_DIR)/kernel.mkPKG_NAME:=chardrvPKG_RELEASE:=2include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mkdefine KernelPackage/chardrv SUBMENU:=Other modules TITLE:=CharDrv FILES:=$(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/chardrv.ko KCONFIG:=endefdefine KernelPackage/chardrv/descriptionKernel module for register chardrv.endefEXTRA_KCONFIG:= CONFIG_CHARDRV=mEXTRA_CFLAGS:= $(patsubst CONFIG_%, -DCONFIG_%=1, $(patsubst %=m,%,$(filter %=m,$(EXTRA_KCONFIG)))) $(patsubst CONFIG_%, -DCONFIG_%=1, $(patsubst %=y,%,$(filter %=y,$(EXTRA_KCONFIG)))) MAKE_OPTS:= ARCH="$(LINUX_KARCH)" CROSS_COMPILE="$(TARGET_CROSS)" SUBDIRS="$(PKG_BUILD_DIR)" EXTRA_CFLAGS="$(EXTRA_CFLAGS)" $(EXTRA_KCONFIG)define Build/Prepare mkdir -p $(PKG_BUILD_DIR) $(CP) ./src/* $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/endefdefine Build/Compile $(MAKE) -C "$(LINUX_DIR)" $(MAKE_OPTS) modulesendef$(eval $(call KernelPackage,chardrv))
3、在chardrv文件夹下新建一个src文件夹,在src下新建一个Makefile文件,内容为:
obj-${CONFIG_CHARDRV} += chardrv.o
4、新建一个chardrv.c的驱动文件,文件内容为:
/***************************** ** 字符设备驱动程序模板********************************/#include <linux/mm.h>#include <linux/miscdevice.h>#include <linux/slab.h>#include <linux/vmalloc.h>#include <linux/mman.h>#include <linux/random.h>#include <linux/init.h>#include <linux/raw.h>#include <linux/tty.h>#include <linux/capability.h>#include <linux/ptrace.h>#include <linux/device.h>#include <linux/highmem.h>#include <linux/crash_dump.h>#include <linux/backing-dev.h>#include <linux/bootmem.h>#include <linux/splice.h>#include <linux/pfn.h>#include <linux/export.h>#include <linux/io.h>#include <linux/aio.h>#include <linux/kernel.h>#include <linux/module.h>#include <asm/uaccess.h>#include <linux/ioctl.h>/**************** 基本定义 **********************///加密函数参数内容: _IOW(IOW_CHAR , IOW_NUMn , IOW_TYPE)//加密函数用于chardrv_ioctl函数中//使用举例:ioctl(fd , _IOW('L',0x80,long) , 0x1);//#define NUMn chardrv#define IOW_CHAR 'L'#define IOW_TYPE long#define IOW_NUM1 0x80//初始化函数必要资源定义//用于初始化函数当中//device number; //设备 dev_t dev_num; //struct dev //字符设备 struct cdev chardrv_cdev;//auto "mknode /dev/chardrv c dev_num minor_num"//自动创建设备对象struct class *chardrv_class = NULL;struct device *chardrv_device = NULL;/**************** 结构体 file_operations 成员函数 *****************///openstatic int chardrv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){ printk("chardrv drive open...n"); return 0;}//closestatic int chardrv_close(struct inode *inode , struct file *file){ printk("chardrv drive close...n"); return 0;}//readstatic ssize_t chardrv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buffer, size_t len, loff_t *pos){ int ret_v = 0; printk("chardrv drive read...n"); return ret_v;}//writestatic ssize_t chardrv_write( struct file *file , const char __user *buffer, size_t len , loff_t *offset ){ int ret_v = 0; printk("chardrv drive write...n"); return ret_v;}//unlocked_ioctlstatic int chardrv_ioctl (struct file *filp , unsigned int cmd , unsigned long arg){ int ret_v = 0; printk("chardrv drive ioctl...n"); switch(cmd) { //常规: //cmd值自行进行修改 case 0x1: { if(arg == 0x1) //第二条件; { } } break; //带密码保护: //请在"基本定义"进行必要的定义 case _IOW(IOW_CHAR,IOW_NUM1,IOW_TYPE): { if(arg == 0x1) //第二条件 { } } break; default: break; } return ret_v;}/***************** 结构体: file_operations ,该结构体将驱动中的函数和应用层函数关联(例如当调用应用层调用open函数时就会调用驱动中的open函数)************************/static const struct file_operations chardrv_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .open = chardrv_open, .release = chardrv_close, .read = chardrv_read, .write = chardrv_write, .unlocked_ioctl = chardrv_ioctl,};//使用insmod挂载驱动时回调static __init int chardrv_init(void){ int ret_v = 0; printk("mydrv drive init...n"); /* 函数alloc_chrdev_region主要参数说明: 参数1: 自动分配的设备 参数2: 次设备 参数3: 创建多少个设备 */ if( ( ret_v = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev_num,0,1,"chardrv") ) < 0 ) //为chardrv动态分配设备 { goto dev_reg_error; } //打印主设备 和次设备 printk("The drive info of chardrv:nmajor: %dnminor: %dn", MAJOR(dev_num),MINOR(dev_num)); //关联设备和操作函数 cdev_init(&chardrv_cdev,&chardrv_fops); //注册设备 if( (ret_v = cdev_add(&chardrv_cdev,dev_num,1)) != 0 ) { goto cdev_add_error; } //创建设备类,用于自动创建设备 chardrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"chardrv"); if( IS_ERR(chardrv_class) ) { goto class_c_error; } //通过设备类创建设备 chardrv_device = device_create(chardrv_class,NULL,dev_num,NULL,"chardrv"); if( IS_ERR(chardrv_device) ) { goto device_c_error; } printk("auto mknod success!n"); //------------ 请在此添加您的初始化程序 --------------// //如果需要做错误处理,请:goto mydrv_error; //---------------------- END ---------------------------// goto init_success;dev_reg_error: printk("alloc_chrdev_region failedn"); return ret_v;cdev_add_error: printk("cdev_add failedn"); unregister_chrdev_region(dev_num, 1); return ret_v;class_c_error: printk("class_create failedn"); cdev_del(&chardrv_cdev); unregister_chrdev_region(dev_num, 1); return PTR_ERR(chardrv_class);device_c_error: printk("device_create failedn"); cdev_del(&chardrv_cdev); unregister_chrdev_region(dev_num, 1); class_destroy(chardrv_class); return PTR_ERR(chardrv_device);//------------------ 请在此添加您的错误处理内容 ----------------//chardrv_error: return -1;//-------------------- END -------------------//init_success: printk("chardrv init success!n"); return 0;}//使用rmmod卸载驱动是回调该函数static __exit void chardrv_exit(void){ printk("chardrv drive exit...n"); //释放初始化使用到的资源; cdev_del(&chardrv_cdev); unregister_chrdev_region(dev_num, 1); device_unregister(chardrv_device); class_destroy(chardrv_class);}/**************** module operations**********************///声明加载函数和卸载函数module_init(chardrv_init);module_exit(chardrv_exit);//some infomationMODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");MODULE_AUTHOR("YANG");/********************* The End ***************************/
5、最后就是编译了,和上一节一样进行编译就OK了!
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