软件项目管理考点整理(Software Project Management)

前言

由于是全英文考试,以下笔记是中英文混合~~


一、Project Management Overview

(1) project定义:

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.

(2) 区分Ongoing work和Project:

Ongoing work往往是重复的工作,而Project具有不确定性和独特性。

(4) Project Management定义:

Project Management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirments.

(5) 5个过程组(Process Groups):

Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, Closing

(6) 10个知识领域(Knowledge Areas):

  1. Project Integration Management
  2. Project Scope Management
  3. Project Time Management
  4. Project Cost Management
  5. Project Quality Management
  6. Project Human Resource Management
  7. Project Communications Management
  8. Project Risk Management
  9. Project Procurement Management
  10. Project Stakeholder Management

(7) Stakeholder(干系人):

  1. 项目组所有成员

  2. 三、Scope Management

    (1) 收集需求(Collect Requirements):

    Brainstorming: free-thinking, no criticism, no obstruction(不能打断别人)
    Affinity diagram:用来将许多ideas分类
    Delphi technique:用来获取专家意见


    四、Time Management

    (1) 活动(Activity)的定义:

3. 算ES和EF:

  1. 沿着一条路径上的活动,从开始向结束计算。Start的ES和EF都是0
    公式为:
    ES = EF(前驱活动)+ 1
    EF = ES + Duration – 1

  2. 五、Time Management

    (1)Function Point (FP)计算:

    FP = UFC × TCF

    (3) Determine Budget:


六、Quality Management

(1) 七种质量工具

  1. 鱼骨图(Cause-and-effect diagrams)追踪问题根源
  2. Flowchart
  3. Checksheet: gathering data to identify defects
  4. Histogram
  5. Pareto diagram:**识别造成主要问题的小部分资源 Pareto 80/20 rule
  6. Control chart:判断一个过程 (process)是否稳定
    一个过程不稳定的判断标准:
    • 数据点控制极限,超过最高值或低于最低值
    • 有7个连续的数据点超过均值 (Rule of seven)
    • 有7个连续的数据点低于均值 (Rule of seven)
  7. Scatter diagrams (散点图)

(2) 质量成本图:

(3) 区分Control Quality和Quality Assurance:

Control Quality:During the project executing and closing phases to formally demonstrate, with reliable data, that the sponsor and/or customer’s acceptance criteria have been met.

Quality Assurance:During the project’s planning and executing phases to provide confidence that the stakeholder’s requirements will be met

Control Quality means inspecting for defects in deliverables, while Perform Quality Assurance means auditing a project to check the overall process

  1. Forming:团队成员独立对项目进行预备工作,了解自己的职责
  2. Storming:团队一起解决和决定一些问题 (但此时团队成员互相还不信任,合作程度不够)
  3. Norming:团队成员调整个人行为习惯来适应团队进行合作 (此时团队成员以及互相信任、齐心协力)
  4. Performing:团队成员已经能很好地合作,经常交流
  5. Adjourning:团队以及完成了项目,合作愉快且成功,各忙各的去了

(3) 冲突管理(Conflict Management):

  1. Withdraw/Avoid: 俩人都在气头上,先不吵了,存档好吧
  2. Smooth/Accommodate: 强调合作而不是区别,和稀泥(哦,也没什么大不了!)
  3. Compromise/Reconcile: 两个人都退一步,都各自放弃一部分观点
  4. Force/Direct: 强制采纳其中一人的观点,例如我是老板我说的算,你闭嘴
  5. (2) Strategies for Risks:

    1. 对于负面风险:Avoid, Mitigate (想办法减轻风险), Transfer (花钱寻找第三方转移风险), Accept (只能接受咯,想好后续解决方案),
    2. 对于正面风险:Exploit, Enhance (使此风险发生的几率更大), Share (将风险分享给其他人以最大化利益), Accept (接受咯)

    九、Procurement Management

    似乎不考


    十、Stakeholder Management

    (1) 沟通路径计算(Conflict Management):


    总结

    某个事件发生在哪个阶段/h2>
    1. Initiating:Develop Project Charter
    2. Planning:Develop Project Management Plan等所有带Plan的事件
    3. Executing:Direct and Manage Project Work, Perform Quality Assurance, Manage Communications, Manage Stakeholder engagement (带Manage的事件), 还包括和Change有关的事件
    4. Monitoring & Controlling:所有带Control的事件
    5. Closing:Close Project or Phase

    祝大家考试顺利!

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